The Story Behind the Strike
Justinian II returned to Constantinople in 705 after mutilation, exile and a dramatic recovery of the throne. This tremissis is attributed on its holder to the second reign, with a question mark that must remain visible in a responsible catalogue. Its Italian attribution and compact weight distinguish it from the large Constantinopolitan solidi. The emperor’s portrait and cross still express restored Christian sovereignty, but the object also demonstrates how imperial imagery travelled through regional monetary systems. The graffiti is part of its individual history, while the uncertain attribution is scholarly information rather than a defect to be concealed.
